1. Make a mess

Young children love making a mess. Parents need only a couple of materials to turn mess-making into fun and collaborative science exploration.

For young kids, spray a heap of foamy shaving cream onto a metal cookie sheet and encourage your child to touch, shape, and play with the substance. Ask “What does the shaving cream feel like?” and “What kind of shapes can you make out of it?” For more fun, add food coloring and observe how it travels throughout the shaving cream. Add more colors. Then mix it up!

Older children may enjoy making “slime”. There’s a lot of science embedded in this project: children have to measure and mix ingredients, and parents can ask questions about the properties of this unique substance. What makes it so “slimy?” What are some ways to make the substance either more or less gooey?

2. Play with water

You can do a lot of engaging science activities with a sink, some plastic bottles, and a few toys.

“Water play gets children exploring water’s liquid properties,” says a long-time science educator. “Pouring, spraying, and squirting water all help children build foundational experiences about water and how it looks, moves, and behaves. And they can continue to refer to these initial experiences as they grow older and investigate other liquids.”

For starters, fill up the sink and then examine which objects float—and which fall to the bottom. Ask your child to share their ideas about why these objects float or sink, and then carry out some follow-up explorations to test their ideas. Or have your child fill containers of different sizes and shapes, and encourage them to describe how the shape of the water changes when they pour it from one container to another.

Ready for more? Poke a few holes along one side of a plastic bottle (an empty 1-liter soda bottle works great) and then fill it up with water. Now turn the bottle upright, and observe how the water pours out of the different holes. Ask: What do you see? What happens to the streams as the water level in the bottle gets lower and lower?

3. Build ramps

Structural engineering is science too, and explorations of motion and gravity can be fun for everyone. Here’s a simple activity: use LEGOs, cardboard, or even discarded recyclables to build a ramp, and then roll a marble down it. Work with your child to figure out how to make the marble go slower or faster. Or build two ramps and have a race!

For an added challenge, see if you can get the marble to come to rest in a small container (such as a tin can or a small box) at the end of its journey down the ramp. What modifications do you have to make to the ramp to better control the path and speed of the marble?

Finally, consider using a cell phone to film some of these trials. Watching these quick videos with your child offers more opportunities for scientific conversation and may even prompt new questions about the exploration.

4. Observe the world around you

You can still do a lot of science even if you don’t have any materials available—just look up, down, or around. For example, when you’re outside, ask your child to look up and describe how the clouds are moving or why they think the swing keeps swinging after it is pushed. Or turn over some rocks at the base of a tree and talk about what you find.

 “Parents often think that the point of science is for them to teach their child science facts,” she says. “But children notice and wonder about all kinds of interesting things. They are constantly raising questions, testing things out, and developing ideas about how and why the world works the way it does. That’s the essence of science. The most powerful thing a parent can do is to pay attention to their child’s interests and questions. Then they can join in with their child’s investigations and help them figure out how to learn more.”

5. Be interested

Find out their termly topics (most schools will provide this information each term, or you can always ask their teacher) and take an interest — find relevant books in the library or bookshop, do some research, brush up your own knowledge about the topic! Then you can have interesting conversations where you are both learning at the same time.

6.  Take a trip

Why not take a trip to a science museum, a zoo or an aquarium? These don’t necessarily need to be completely related to what they are learning about at school. Any visit can help their curiosity and engagement with science generally.

7. Make it personal

Find out about famous scientists and research unique and exciting inventions up to and including the present day. Who knows, you may have the next Stephen Hawking or Marie Curie at home!